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HIGH FREQUENCY SINE WAVE UPS

In conventional inverters which are now a day’s commonly used in Pakistan,
consumer faces many problems relating to their performance. The foremost problem is
their efficiency which is in between 85% to 90%. The efficiency mainly depends upon
the switching frequency of the transformer which is used in DC/AC inverter.
The large size of transformer also make the U.P.S very bulky. It also occupies a
large area which is also not good from the point of view of the customer.
The E.M.F induced in the transformer given by the formula relating its
frequency, area, number of turns and magnetic field to each other is

CLASSIFICATION OF INVERTERS:

Introduction OF INVERTER :

Inverter is device that converts the DC Power into AC power. The voltage and the frequency of the converted AC power can be set to required level depending upon the selection of the transformers and control circuit. AC main is converted into DC through a rectifier circuit and battery is charged than the DC from the battery is converted to AC by an inverter circuitry

Types Of Inverter:

Inverter available in the market are usually provide three types of output

•  Square wave
•  Modified square wave
•  Pure sine wave

Square Wave:

Inverters are first invented using a square wave as the output. Square wave has a large number of problems related to the functionality of the devices as these devices are usually designed to operate for the sine wave. Due to the harsh corner of the square wave it is very harmful for the electrical equipments. Harmonic content of the square is very high that result in the overheat of the electrical equipment. So the inverter use the square wave technology tends to produce a lot of heat due to power loss. Efficiency of the square wave inverter is less. The price of these inverter define the efficiency of the inverter.

Modified Square Wave:

Some alterations made on the hardware of the inverter in order to remove the harsh corner of the square wave. Some time the supplier of the modified square wave inverter use the term modified sine wave in order to increase the demand of the that inverter but in reality it is only the modified square wave . It has better characteristics than the square wave. But the overheat factor is still present that result in the reliability of the equipments. So here is a need to make of sine wave inverter

Pure Sine Wave:

All the home appliances and electrical devices are designed to operate for the sine wave. So there is a need to design a inverter that gives output very close or similar to the sine wave. Our project is also to make a sine wave inverter. It also reduce the noise interferences associated with other inverters. With the pure sine wave inverter our project fully assures that sensitive loads will be powered correctly with no noise interference. Depending upon the switching frequency inverter can be classified as

 Low Frequency Inverters

 High Frequency Inverters

Switching frequency related to the rate at which the DC is converted to the AC. Low frequency inverter oscillates a DC voltage at 50Hz. The voltage of that inverter is then step up to desire level using a large and heavy transformer. The transformers are iron core shown below

Iron core transformer

High frequency inverter on the other hand use small size transformer. Such high frequency inverter may have large harmonic content near the range of the switching frequency. But the advantage is that these harmonics are high in order than the fundamental frequency 50HZ. So in order to separate these harmonics a low pass filter is use. High frequency inverter use ferrite core transformer shown below

Ferrite core transformer

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About the Author

I am Kashif Mirza, the founder of Student Training Lab (STL). I am working on projects since 2005 before that I just search things and now I am sharing my knowledge through this plateform.

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Posted in: Final Year Projects